Linux Fundamentals
Introduction
Linux Command Line
File System Hierarchy
Popular Linux Distributions
| # | Distribution | Base | URL |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ubuntu | Debian | https://ubuntu.com/ |
| 2 | Debian | Independent | https://www.debian.org/ |
| 3 | Fedora | Independent (sponsored by Red Hat) | https://getfedora.org/ |
| 4 | Linux Mint | Ubuntu | https://www.linuxmint.com/ |
| 5 | Manjaro | Arch Linux | https://manjaro.org/ |
| 6 | Pop!_OS | Ubuntu | https://pop.system76.com/ |
| 7 | openSUSE Tumbleweed | Independent (RPM-based) | https://www.opensuse.org/ |
| 8 | Arch Linux | Independent | https://archlinux.org/ |
| 9 | elementary OS | Ubuntu | https://elementary.io/ |
| 10 | Zorin OS | Ubuntu | https://zorin.com/os |
| 11 | MX Linux | Debian | https://mxlinux.org/ |
| 12 | Kali Linux | Debian | https://www.kali.org/ |
| 13 | Solus | Independent | https://getsol.us/ |
| 14 | EndeavourOS | Arch | https://endeavouros.com/ |
| 15 | Garuda Linux | Arch | https://garudalinux.org/ |
| 16 | Deepin | Debian | https://www.deepin.org/ |
| 17 | Puppy Linux | Multi-based | http://puppylinux.com/ |
| 18 | CentOS Stream | RHEL | https://www.centos.org/ |
| 19 | Rocky Linux | RHEL | https://rockylinux.org/ |
| 20 | AlmaLinux | RHEL | https://almalinux.org/ |
| 21 | Void Linux | Independent | https://voidlinux.org/ |
| 22 | Clear Linux | Independent | https://clearlinux.org/ |
| 23 | Slackware | Independent | https://www.slackware.com/ |
| 24 | Gentoo | Independent | https://www.gentoo.org/ |
| 25 | NixOS | Independent | https://nixos.org/ |
| 26 | RHEL | Independent | https://www.redhat.com/ |
| 27 | Oracle Linux | RHEL | https://www.oracle.com/linux |
| 28 | Parrot OS | Debian | https://www.parrotsec.org/ |
| 29 | Tails | Debian | https://tails.boum.org/ |
| 30 | Qubes OS | Independent | https://www.qubes-os.org/ |
| 31 | Raspberry Pi OS | Debian | https://www.raspberrypi.org/ |
| 32 | ClearOS | RHEL | https://www.clearos.com/ |
| 33 | Tiny Core Linux | Independent | http://www.tinycorelinux.net/ |
| 34 | Devuan | Debian | https://devuan.org/ |
| 35 | Kodachi | Debian/Ubuntu | https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=kodachi |
| 36 | antiX | Debian | https://antixlinux.com/ |
| 37 | OpenMandriva | Mandriva | https://www.openmandriva.org/ |
| 38 | Mageia | Mandriva | https://www.mageia.org/ |
| 39 | Nitrux | Debian | https://nxos.org/ |
| 40 | Lakka | LibreELEC | https://www.lakka.tv/ |
| 41 | Batocera Linux | Debian | https://batocera.org/ |
| 42 | Voyager Live | Ubuntu | https://voyagerlive.org/ |
| 43 | Murena /e/ OS | LineageOS/Android | https://e.foundation/ |
| 44 | Feren OS | Ubuntu | https://feren-os.weebly.com/ |
| 45 | ReactOS | Windows-compatible, not Linux | https://reactos.org/ |
| 46 | Bodhi Linux | Ubuntu | https://www.bodhilinux.com/ |
| 47 | Linux Lite | Ubuntu | https://www.linuxliteos.com/ |
| 48 | Peppermint OS | Debian | https://peppermintos.com/ |
| 49 | UBports (Ubuntu Touch) | Ubuntu | https://ubports.com/ |
| 50 | Elive | Debian | https://www.elivecd.org/ |
Useful Linux Tips & Tricks
- create a Linux Kernel Module
- Clear & Drop Memory Cache
- Linux Firewalld UFW Usage
- Enable IP forwarding
- Linux Kernel Boot Parameters
- Apparmor conflicted with ntpd apparmor=DENIED operation=capable
- Delete file argument list too long
- awk usage example
- run a process in background
- Get TCP status with proc
- Change hostname for Linux
- Change Timezone for Linux
- Lock important file with chattr
- md5, sha1, sha256, sha512 checksum
- Clean up penetration trace
- Hotkey with Ctrl
- Cronjob concurrency with flock
- delete specific files EXCEPT certain pattern
- File & Dir permission
- Get disk block size in Linux
- Get hardware temperature in Linux
- dstat usage
- ELF explanation
- Empty large file
- find usage
- nf_conntrack table full, dropping packet
- Enable & Disable ping
- Generate random hexadecimal
- Read hex file
- Monitor Linux Network Bandwidth
- Linux kernel development
- Get all open files with given PID
- Change max open files limit
- UDP based SSH client
- File transfer with nc
- Get disk space with ncdu
- Kernel Warning: neighbour table overflow
- netstat usage
- Linux System Performance Tools
- POSIX character set
- Linux process states
- Purge file system cache in Linux
- Specify SSH port in rsync
- scp usage examples
- sed usage examples
- SetUID SetGID & Sticky bit
- TCP/UDP port forwarding with socat
- socat usage examples
- Add Files to Linux Path
- ssh warning: POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT
- Change syslog max message length
- Compress gz/bz2/xz with tar
- Tmux Cheatsheet
- Resolve: Too many TCP connections
- Trigger kernel panic to get coredump
- Ignore case sensitive in ls
- NTP Service Summary
- rsync usage examples
- Subscribe Linux Kernel Mail List
- Add Env PATH in supervisor
- Cgroups
- Systemd
- Linux AppArmor
- Why should disable THP
More Linux Articles
How To Tune Your Linux Enterprise Server Performance
https://www.suse.com/c/how-to-tune-your-linux-enterprise-server-performance/
How to Automate Restarts for Failed Services in Linux
https://tecadmin.net/automate-service-restart-linux/
How to Restore Deleted Files Under /etc Directory in Ubuntu
https://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2025/03/restore-deleted-files-under-etc/
How To Replace Text In Multiple Files Using A Bash Script In Linux
https://ostechnix.com/replace-text-in-multiple-files-using-bash-script/
How To Manage Bash Functions Using declare Command In Linux
https://ostechnix.com/manage-bash-functions-using-declare-command/
How to build, deploy, and manage image mode for RHEL
https://developers.redhat.com/articles/2025/03/12/how-build-deploy-and-manage-image-mode-rhel
How to install MediaWiki on Fedora, CentOS, and RHEL servers.
https://fedoramagazine.org/how-to-install-mediawiki-on-fedora-centos-and-rhel-servers/
How to Speed Up SSH Access with Shortcuts and Auto-Complete
https://www.tecmint.com/ssh-command-shortcuts/
How to Free Up Space in Linux When Root (/) Partition Is Full
https://www.tecmint.com/fix-full-root-partition-linux/