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    • SRE Handbook
      • What is AIOps
      • AIOps in DevOps
      • AIOps Tips & Notes
      • Summary of Big Data Ecosystem
      • Druid
      • HBase
      • Hive
      • OLAP
      • Oozie
      • Splunk
      • Storm
      • Superset
        • Hadoop Ecosystem
        • HDFS Write Mechanism
        • MapReduce
        • Spark on Yarn
        • How to Add/Remove DataNode in Hadoop
        • Why there are two StandBy NameNodes in HDFS
        • Summary of Hadoop Default Port
        • Hadoop Related Questions
        • Hadoop Secondary Namenode
        • Install Hadoop on CentOS 6
      • CDN Basics
      • What is WAF and its Application
      • What is CI/CD
      • ArgoCD
      • Bitbucket CI
      • CircleCI
      • FluxCD
      • Jenkins
      • Kargo
      • Travis-CI
      • Jenkins REST API
      • How to use GitHub Actions for your Static Web CI/CD
      • Summary of CI/CD Tools & Platforms
      • Free Tier Cloud Services
      • Cloud Native Basic Concepts
      • Mesos
      • Nomad
      • OpenShift
      • OpenStack
      • Cloud Migration Basics
        • AWS Notes & Tips
        • AWS OU hierarchy
        • AWS QA & How-to guide
        • S3 cross region replication with Lambda
        • Set S3 bucket permission with mc
        • AWS System Damage Level
        • Access self-host S3 with aws cli
        • EBS vs EFS
        • AWS S3 Sync Command
        • Azure Notes & Tips
        • Cloud Storage Comparison
        • Deploying App on AKS Cluster
        • Connecting AWS & Azure
        • Azure AKS related CLI commands
        • Add reverse DNS for public ip in Azure
        • Kubernetes
        • Kubernetes at a Glance
        • Secret Volume in k8s
        • Create EKS with aws cli
        • K8s Installer Tools
        • K8s Pros & Cons
        • Tune Linux Kernel for K8s
        • K8s Q&A
        • K8s Troubleshoot 1
        • K8s Troubleshoot 2
        • Pod stuck in Terminating state
        • Rancher in k8s
        • Service Type in k8s
        • Helm examples
        • Autoscalers in K8s
        • Blue-Green Deployment in K8s
        • Errors in Kubernetes
        • k8s resources & tools
        • kubectl examples
        • Create configmap in K8s
        • Create daemonset in K8s
        • Deployment & Replicaset
        • Create Cronjob in K8s
        • Create StatefulSets in K8s
        • K8s security tips
        • Install ArgoCD on K8s
        • Install k3s
        • Install k8s cluster
        • Disable Ubuntu firewall on OCI
        • Enable ipv6 for OCI VM
      • Container Runtime Overview
      • Build App with Buildah
      • Build App with Buildpacks
      • Colima Container Runtime for MacOS
      • CRI-O Container Runtime
      • Build Container App with Jib
      • OCI Runtimes & Container Engines Overview
      • Podman Cheatsheet & Commands Overview
      • PouchContainer - A High-Performance Container Engine
      • Snap Packages on Ubuntu
      • Skopeo - A Command Line Utility for Container Images
        • Docker cheatsheet and useful commands
        • Image Layers in Container
        • Dockerize Django Project
        • Dockerize Java Application
        • List & Create Docker Container Network
        • List & Create Docker Container Volume & Env
        • Create Container Images in Docker with Dockerfile
        • Cross platform image build with dockerx
        • Optimized Docker Image Size with Multi-Stage Builds
        • Docker Swarm Basics: Simplifying Container Orchestration
      • DNS
      • DNS Route Policy
      • CoreDNS
      • Set CNAME to Root Domain
      • Send Email with Custom Domain
      • dig usage example
      • Public DNS over TLS
      • Verify DNSSEC with delv
      • dog usage example
      • Multicast DNS - mDNS
      • Free Public DNS List
      • HSTS
      • Debug Tools and Methods
      • Selenium Python Tutorial
      • How to debug in Bash
      • Calico verbose panic log ip6tables-legacy-save failed
      • How to debug C with Clang & LLDB
      • How to debug in Go
      • Find C/C++ mem leak with valgrind
      • How to debug coredump with gdb
      • Load Test with Siege
      • Debug in Lua
      • Network debug with tcpdump
      • How to debug if No Shell for Your Container
      • How to debug in Python3
      • DevOps Overview
      • Ansible
      • CMDB
      • ChatOps
      • Chef
      • Puppet
      • Rundeck
      • SaltStack
      • SonarQube
      • Useful CLI Tools
      • PSSH
      • DevSecOps Overview
      • SSL Checker Tools
      • Certificate-Based Auth
      • Firewall Scanner & Checklist
      • Nessus Scanner
      • Security Tips for Nginx
      • How to Auto renew SSL cert
      • Add Google Auth to SSH
      • Zero Trust
      • AppArmor overview & usage example
      • OTP in Bash, Python & Go
      • TLS/SSL Library Summary
      • Sign/Validate file with gpg
      • SELinux Basics & Usage Examples
      • IAM Basics
      • Kick out inactive user in Linux
      • Find last failed login user
      • Vulnerability Scan
      • Privilege Escalation Check
      • Port Scan with nrich
      • OpenSSL basic usage
      • Private Search Engines
      • Security tips for developers
      • Security tips for VPN
      • Sign & Verify file with SSH
      • Get public key from private key
      • Tunnel & Proxy with SSH
      • What is SSL Pinning
      • FinOps
      • AWS Cost Optimization
      • GitOps
      • Mercurial
      • Bitbucket
      • Git Cheatsheet
      • Daily Used Git Commands
      • Delete untracked files in Git
      • GUI Git Client Summary
      • Multi SSH key for github & gitlab
      • SVN
      • Connect GitHub with ssh
      • YAML
      • Golang Basics
      • Colon usage in Golang
      • Context in Golang
      • HTMX in Golang with examples
      • Background jobs in Golang
      • Add version in Golang project
      • Benchmark in Golang
      • Makefile in Golang
      • Environment variables in Golang
      • Connect Redis in Golang
      • WaitGroup in Golang
      • Concurrency in Golang
      • Clear terminal screen in Golang
      • Reduce binary file size in Golang
      • random.shuffle in Golang
      • Web shell in Golang
      • Log in Golang
      • Infrastructure as Code
      • AWS Cloud Formation
      • OpenTofu
      • Pulumi
      • Create ECR with Terraform
      • Import AWS resources to terraform
      • Manage EKS with terraform
      • Terraform
      • Load Balancer
      • Haproxy
      • Keepalived & Nginx
      • Keepalived
      • Nginx as HTTP Load Balancer
        • API Gateway
        • Traefik
        • APISIX
        • Istio
      • Linux knowledge Notes & Tips for SRE & DevOps
      • How to Create a Linux Kernel Module
      • Basic Usage example of Linux Firewalld UFW
      • How to Enable/Disable IP forwarding in Linux
      • Howt to Clear & Drop Memory Cache in Linux
      • How to Update Linux Kernel Boot Parameters
      • How to solve: Apparmor conflicted with ntpd apparmor=DENIED operation=capable
      • How to solve: Delete file argument list too long
      • awk usage examples
      • How to start a Linux terminal process in background
      • How to Get TCP status with proc
      • How to Change hostname with hostnamectl
      • How to Change Linux Timezone
      • How to use chattr to lock important files in Linux
      • How to use calculate md5, sha512 with checksum
      • How to Clean up penetration trace
      • Linux Hotkey with Ctrl
      • How to control Cronjob concurrency with flock
      • How to Delete specific files EXCEPT certain pattern
      • Linux File & Diirectory Permission Basics
      • Howt to Get disk block size in Linux
      • How to Get hardware temperature in Linux terminal
      • How to use dstat to know Linux system performance
      • What is ELF in Linux
      • How to safely remove large file in Linux
      • Linux find command usage
      • How to solve: nf_conntrack table full, dropping packet
      • How to Enable/Disable ping response in Linux kernel
      • Howt ot Generate random hexadecimal in Linux
      • How to read Linux hex file
      • Linux Network Monitoring with Iptraf/Iptraf-ng
      • Linux kernel development reference
      • How to get all open files with given PID in Linux
      • Howt to change max open files limit in Linux
      • mosh - UDP based SSH client
      • How to transfer files with nc
      • How to get disk space with ncdu
      • How to solve Kernel Warning: neighbour table overflow
      • netstat command usage in Linux
      • Linux System Performance Tools Summary
      • POSIX character set cheat sheet
      • Linux process states summary
      • How to purge/drop file system cache in Linux
      • How to Specify SSH port in rsync
      • How to use scp to transfer files in Linux
      • How to use sed to edit text in Linux
      • What is SetUID SetGID & Sticky bit and How to Use Them
      • How to proceed TCP/UDP port forwarding with socat
      • Socat usage cheatsheet
      • How to Add Files to Linux Path
      • How to solve: ssh warning: POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT
      • How to change default syslog max message length in Ubuntu 20.04
      • How to compress gz/bz2/xz files with tar command in Linux
      • Tmux hotkeys & cheatsheet
      • How to solve: Too many TCP connections
      • How to trigger a Kernel panic & get coredump
      • How to ignore case sensitive in ls
      • Linux NTP Services Summary
      • How to use rsync to synchronize files and directories
      • Subscribe Linux Kernel Mail List
      • How to Add Env PATH in supervisor
      • Linux Cgroups usage examples
      • Linux Systemd usage examples
      • Why should disable THP in Linux
      • Message Queue
      • AutoMQ
      • RabbitMQ
      • Apache Pulsar
        • Kafka
        • Kafka Reference
      • Network Tips & Notes
      • BGP
      • Calico
      • Fast Reverse Proxy (FRP)
      • Kill a TCP connection in Linux
      • How NAT Works and Its Applications
      • What is OSPF
      • Optimize TCP Transfer with Kcptun
      • Tunnel Tools for Development
      • Sum TCP connection with ss & netstat
      • CIDR calculator
      • Container Network Interface (CNI)
      • Get Public IP with curl
      • HAProxy with Floating IP
      • Iptables
      • How to change IPv4 priority in dual stack Linux
      • How to get ping latency from multiple locations
      • Port Based Network Control with tc
      • How to convert Socks5 to HTTP Proxy in Linux
      • What is tcp_moderate_rcvbuf
      • What is TCP window-size scaling
      • Network debug with tcpdump wireshark
      • Network debug with nsenter
      • NoSQL
      • KeyDB
      • Valkey
      • Zookeeper
      • Backup etcd cluster
      • CAP in NoSQL
      • Codis
      • Gossip
      • NoSQL Comparison
        • Cassandra
        • Deploy Cassandra with ccm
        • Cassandra nodetool
        • Mongodump
        • MongoDB Performance Tuning
        • MongoDB Replication
        • MongoDB Shell
        • MongoDB Monitoring
        • Redis
        • Aliyun Redis best practice
        • Save Redis config in running
        • Create Redis cluster
        • Parse Redis AOF
        • Redis client commands
        • Redis cluster commands
        • Redis compatible NoSQL
        • Redis config file reference
        • Get started with Redis code
        • Redis Memory Usage
        • Redis Optimization
        • Redis RDB & AOF
        • Redis rebalance & migration
        • Redis Tips & Tricks
        • RocksDB
        • RocksDB Admin Tool
      • OS Tips
        • How to get Wildcard Certificate with acme.sh
        • How to Add user to admin group on CentOS
        • Web benchmark tools on CentOS
        • How to enable Nginx SSL/TLS on CentOS
        • Hide nginx version on CentOS
        • Compile nginx to support http/2
        • Use nsenter in CentOS
        • Install different version of gcc
        • Add SWAP on CentOS
        • Extanded repo on CentOS
        • Send email using sendmail
        • Change Timezone on CentOS
        • Find which package provide command
        • Install BT Transmission on CentOS
        • iostat command cannot found
        • mkfs.xfs command not found on CentOS
        • Add Swap on Ubuntu 24.04
        • Compile & Install Ocserv on Debian
        • Install OpenVPN on Debian 11
        • Optimise BBR on Debian
        • Check if package is installed on Debian
        • Extract files from deb package
        • Remove login welcome message
        • Systemd User Service Example
        • Disable ipv6 on Ubuntu & Debian
        • Disable snapd on Ubuntu 20.04
        • Install LAMP on Ubuntu 22.04
        • Install sar error Please check if data collecting is enabled
        • Upgrade debian 10 to 11
        • FreeBSD cheat sheet
        • Alternative Linux commands on FreeBSD
        • Build FreeBSD kernel
        • Change csh to bash on FreeBSD
        • Disable ping on FreeBSD
        • FreeBSD git repo
        • Install ocserv on FreeBSD
        • FreeBSD update
        • Upgrade FreeBSD 12 To 13
        • Delete .DS_Store files on MacOS
        • Disable brew analytics on MacOS
        • Signing on MacOS
        • netstat ss on MacOS
        • Clean system log on MacOS
        • MacOS Dev Env Setup
        • Get a plain text of man page without backspaces and underscores on MacOS/BSD
        • LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (UTF-8): No such file or directory
      • Observability in SRE
        • What is APM
        • Sentry
        • Logging Management
        • Linux Log Summary
        • Log Collection with Vector
        • Grafana Alloy
        • Promtail Log Collector
        • System Monitoring and Management
        • CloudWatch
        • Nightingale
        • PromQL
        • Prometheus
        • Site24x7
        • Cacti
        • Build status page with CloudFlare Worker & Atlassian Status
        • DataDog
        • Grafana
        • InfluxDB
        • Build Health Checker with Cloudflare Worker
        • New Relic
        • Open-Falcon
        • Send Metrics to Grafana Cloud
        • Zabbix
        • Tracing
        • Dynatrace
        • MantisBT
        • OpenTelemetry
        • SkyWalking
      • Performance Tuning
      • How to get CPU model
      • InnoDB Optimization Tips
      • Kernel tunning for PostgreSQL
      • Ceph Performance Tuning
      • Performance checklist for Linux
      • Linux I/O Scheduler for SSD
      • dirty page related kernel parameters
      • How to enable high resolution timers in Linux
      • Linux网络参数优化
      • Kernel parameter optimization for Linux
      • Linux kernel parameter in proc filesystem
      • Performance monitoring & tracing tools in Linux
      • USE Method & Performance Tuning in Linux
      • Benchmark with sysbench command
      • Load Testing with Siege
      • Fetch System Info in Terminal
      • Optimize Nginx for High Concurrency
      • Python3 Notes & Cheatsheet
      • 19 Python Syntax Sugars
      • Django Command Line Reference
      • Implement lru in Python
      • Get public IP in Python
      • Send http requests in Python
      • Boost Python Function with Numba
      • Python bisect module
      • Catch signal in Python
      • Clear screen in Python
      • Packages & modules in Python
      • Python Asynchronous
      • Python datetime module
      • Currency Calculation in Python
      • Python Decorators
      • 3 ways to set timeout in Python
      • 8 ways to use functools
      • Get local IP address in Python
      • GIL in Python
      • Iterate over multiple lists & tuple
      • List, Dictionary, Set in Python
      • 3 ways to disable output buffer
      • Fast pairing lists in Python
      • Python Performance Analysis
      • Python Project Structure
      • Virtualenv
      • Program in Pythonic way
      • Single & Double underscore of class member
      • Sort dict based on key, value
      • try except else finally in Python
      • CPython vs PyPy
      • Start Python3 in 10 seconds
      • Multiple CORS in Flask
      • Where is Python packages
      • Setup SSL for MySQL on Linux
      • SQL Cheatsheet
      • MySQL Utilities
      • PostgreSQL Cheatsheet
      • SQL Q&A
      • How to backup Mysql via SSH tunnel
      • mysqldump usage example
      • Reset MySQL Root Password
      • Site Reliability Engineering
      • Architecture Design
      • Chaos Engineering
      • DR (Disaster Recovery)
      • Distributed System Design
      • Microservices Patterns
      • Systems Design Notes
      • Engineering Book List
      • SRE Reading List
      • SRE书籍汇总
      • SRE Book List
      • Engineering Blog List
      • Engineering Blog RSS
      • Platform Engineering
      • SRE Tutorial
      • SLA SLO SLI
      • SRE Glossary
      • SRE Handover SOP
      • Status Page
      • Type of Failures
      • Shell Commands Cheatsheet
      • Delete files with space characters in file name
      • Fish Shell
      • Get union, intersection, difference of 2 files
      • Add dir to PATH
      • Extract multi segments of a json file and merge into 1 line with jq
      • One-liner bash script reference
      • Get current shell name
      • Disable output redirection
      • Better grep command
      • Repeat lastest command in Bash
      • Create a file with EOF in Bash
      • Reverse Shell
      • Environment variable in csh tcsh bash zsh
      • change stdout with ANSI character set
      • Extract password protected zip file
      • Clear history in zsh
        • Convert JSON to CSV
        • Bash Cheatsheet
        • Disable Output Redirect
        • Bash Reference
        • Special characters in Bash
        • Concurrency Control in Bash
        • Bash Scripting
        • Arithmetic in Bash
        • Array in Bash
        • Get file name from path
        • Concurrency in Bash
        • Debug in Bash
        • Detach foreground process
        • Usage of $ sign in Bash
        • Detect file exists
        • Bash Function
        • Detect current user is root
        • Remove color codes from output
        • Variable Replacement/Truncate
        • User switch in Linux
        • Test Statement
        • Types of Variables
        • Different loop style in Bash
      • Useful Tips for SRE
      • Docked Rails CLI
      • HTTPS/SSL
      • Nginx Proxy Manager
      • Latency & CPU Speed
      • Linux Manual Page
      • Perl Cheatsheet
      • RAID Calculator
      • WebSockets
      • Build Ruby on MacOS
      • Command line browser
      • Compact jq output in 1 line
      • curl: Argument list too long
      • Ignore SSL check in curl & wget
      • Download web with wget
      • Free IP SSL cert
      • Groovy Cheat Sheet
      • Cron Usage
      • ack usage example
      • ag usage example
      • alias usage example
      • bat usage example
      • bottom usage example
      • broot usage example
      • cat usage example
      • cheat usage example
      • chmod usage example
      • choose usage example
      • chroot usage example
      • curlie usage example
      • date usage example
      • e2fsck usage example
      • echo usage example
      • ffmpeg usage example
      • find usage example
      • fsck usage example
      • glances usage example
      • gping usage example
      • gtop usage example
      • head usage example
      • httpie usage example
      • hurl usage example
      • hyperfine usage example
      • journalctl usage example
      • jq usage example
      • kill usage example
      • less usage example
      • logrotate usage example
      • lsmod, modinfo usage
      • mount usage example
      • nslookup usage example
      • procs usage example
      • ps usage example
      • rclone usage example
      • ripgrep usage example
      • rm usage example
      • rsync usage example
      • scp usage example
      • screen usage example
      • sd usage example
      • sed usage example
      • sort & uniq example
      • ssh tunnel example
      • systemctl usage example
      • tail usage example
      • tar usage example
      • tar & gzip example
      • tcpdump usage example
      • tldr usage example
      • xargs usage example
      • HTTP Debug Tools
      • HTTPS Benchmark
      • Search Icon Online
      • iperf3 usage example
      • HTTP Time Distribution
      • Nginx status module
      • ping usage example
      • Realtime HTTP benchmark
      • WAF with LuaJIT
      • Lua Cheatsheet
      • Nginx as reverse proxy for WebSocket
      • Nmap usage
      • OpenResty
      • PHP Tips & Notes
      • Port scan with rustscan
      • QUIC
      • Regular Expressions
      • RSS List
      • Ruby Cheatsheet
      • Clear terminal screen in Rust
      • Rust Tips & Notes
      • Remove SSL private key password
      • Vim Tips & Notes
      • Save file with permission denied in vim
      • Command Line Browser
      • Zero-width Space

    OS Tips

    • Disable brew analytics on MacOS
    • LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (UTF-8): No such file or directory
    • Get a plain text of man page without backspaces and underscores on MacOS/BSD
    • Delete .DS_Store files on MacOS
    • netstat ss on MacOS
    • MacOS Dev Env Setup
    • Clean system log on MacOS
    • Signing on MacOS
    • Disable snapd on Ubuntu 20.04
    • Disable ipv6 on Ubuntu & Debian
    • Add Swap on Ubuntu 24.04
    • Systemd User Service Example
    • Remove login welcome message
    • Check if package is installed on Debian
    • Optimise BBR on Debian
    • Install LAMP on Ubuntu 22.04
    • Install sar error Please check if data collecting is enabled
    • Extract files from deb package
    • Install OpenVPN on Debian 11
    • Compile & Install Ocserv on Debian
    • Upgrade debian 10 to 11
    • Send email using sendmail
    • iostat command cannot found
    • Install BT Transmission on CentOS
    • Nginx SSL/TLS on CentOS
    • Compile nginx with http/2
    • Wildcard Certificate with acme.sh
    • mkfs.xfs command not found on CentOS
    • Extanded repo on CentOS
    • Change Timezone on CentOS
    • Web benchmark on CentOS
    • Hide nginx version on CentOS
    • Use nsenter on CentOS
    • Find which package provide command
    • Install different version of gcc
    • Add SWAP on CentOS
    • Add user to admin group on CentOS
    • Change csh to bash on FreeBSD
    • Install ocserv on FreeBSD
    • Disable ping on FreeBSD
    • Upgrade FreeBSD 12 To 13
    • Build FreeBSD kernel
    • FreeBSD cheat sheet
    • FreeBSD git repo
    • Alternative Linux commands on FreeBSD
    • FreeBSD update
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